NEET Zoology Excretory Products and Their Elimination Class 11 Questions

Which substances are reabsorbed actively in nephron?

Which part of nephron is not situated in the cortical region of the kidney?

Which of the following groups contains uricotelic animals only?

Which of the following is correct w.r.t. an adult human under normal physiological conditions?

Which segment of nephron allows passage of small amount of urea into the medullary interstitium?

What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being?

Match the excretory disorder with its description.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false: (i) Micturition is carried out by a reflex. (ii) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic. (iii) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule. (iv) Henle's loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine. (v) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

The functioning of the kidneys is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus, JGA and to a certain extent, the heart. From given statements about JGA control, select correct option from below: (i) It control by Renin-Angiotensin mechanism. (ii) A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin. (iii) Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. (iv) Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR. (v) Angiotensin I activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. (vi) Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na⁺ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR.

Reabsorption of water from the latter part of tubule is facilitated by-

In response to decrease in blood volume and blood pressure which of the following do not occur -

The counter current mechanism operates in nephron

Identify A to D in the following structure and choose the correct option for A, B, C and D

A comparison of the volume of the filtrate formed per day with that of the urine released (1.5 litres), suggest that nearly 99 per cent of the filtrate has to be reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Which statement true for reabsorption? (i) Nearly all of the essential nutrients, and 70-80 per cent of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by this segment. (ii) Reabsorption in loop of Henle is minimum. (iii) Loop of Henle plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid. (iv) The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes. (v) The ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. (vi) Conditional reabsorption of Na⁺ and water takes place in PCT. (vii) Large amounts of salt could be reabsorbed from collecting duct to produce a concentrated urine.

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions:

Mechanism of concentration of the filtrate occurs in following steps: (A) NaCl is transported by the ascending limb of Henle's loop which is exchanged with the descending limb of vasa recta. (B) NaCl is returned to the interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta. (C) Small amounts of urea enter the thin segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop which is transported back to the interstitium by the collecting tubule. (D) This mechanism helps to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium. From above phenomena, following conclusions are drawn:

A survey of animal kingdom presents a variety of excretory substances. Select correct option for given sentences: (i) Kidneys do not play any significant role in removal of ammonia. (ii) Terrestrial adaptation necessitated the production of lesser toxic nitrogenous wastes. (iii) Terrestrial animal generally excrete urea and uric acid for conservation of water. (iv) Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes are called ureotelic animals. (v) Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver. (vi) Reptiles, birds, land snails and insects are called ureotelic animals.

Urine formation involves three main processes namely, glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion, that takes place in different parts of the nephron. The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood, which is carried out by the glomerulus and is called glomerular filtration. Which statement is not correct for it? (i) On an average, 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute. (ii) The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through 5 layers. (iii) The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule called podocytes. (iv) Podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to form filtration slits or slit pores. (v) Blood is filtered so that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the corpuscles pass on to the lumen of the Bowman's capsule. (vi) Glomerular filtration is considered as a process of ultra filtration.

What is the primary functional unit of the kidney in humans?

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes?

What is the average daily urine excretion in an adult human?

What is the average amount of urine an adult human excretes per day?

What is the approximate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy individual?

What is the average daily excretion of urine by an adult human?

What is the primary site of reabsorption in the nephron?

What is the primary role of the glomerulus in the nephron?

What is the average daily volume of urine excreted by an adult human?

What is the process of excreting ammonia called?

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Which nitrogenous waste is the least toxic and requires the least amount of water for its elimination?

What is the primary nitrogenous waste excreted by terrestrial animals?

What is the average daily excretion of urea by a healthy adult human?

What is the primary site of reabsorption and selective secretion in the nephron?

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water and electrolytes, aiding in osmoregulation?

What is the term used to describe the tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole in each nephron?

What is the primary site of reabsorption in the nephron?

What is the average daily excretion of urea in an adult human?

What is the primary function of the juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in the kidneys?

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human excretory system?

What is the main excretory organ in humans?

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes?

What is the average daily urine excretion in an adult human?

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the human excretory system?

Which segment of the nephron allows for extensive reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes, contributing to urine concentration?

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes?

Which of the following statements about the human excretory system is correct?

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the formation of a tuft of capillaries?

What is the average daily urine output for an adult human?

Which of the following statements about the human excretory system is correct?

What is the primary role of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) in the nephron?