NEET Zoology Excretory Products And Their Elimination Class 11 Questions

Which substances are reabsorbed actively in nephron?

Which part of nephron is not situated in the cortical region of the kidney?

Which of the following groups contains uricotelic animals only?

Which of the following is correct w.r.t. an adult human under normal physiological conditions?

Which segment of nephron allows passage of small amount of urea into the medullary interstitium?

What will happen if one kidney is removed from the body of a human being?

Match the excretory disorder with its description.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false: (i) Micturition is carried out by a reflex. (ii) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic. (iii) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman's capsule. (iv) Henle's loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine. (v) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

The functioning of the kidneys is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus, JGA and to a certain extent, the heart. From given statements about JGA control, select correct option from below: (i) It control by Renin-Angiotensin mechanism. (ii) A fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR can activate the JG cells to release renin. (iii) Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. (iv) Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR. (v) Angiotensin I activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. (vi) Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na⁺ and water from the distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR.

Reabsorption of water from the latter part of tubule is facilitated by-

In response to decrease in blood volume and blood pressure which of the following do not occur -

The counter current mechanism operates in nephron

Identify A to D in the following structure and choose the correct option for A, B, C and D

A comparison of the volume of the filtrate formed per day with that of the urine released (1.5 litres), suggest that nearly 99 per cent of the filtrate has to be reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Which statement true for reabsorption? (i) Nearly all of the essential nutrients, and 70-80 per cent of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by this segment. (ii) Reabsorption in loop of Henle is minimum. (iii) Loop of Henle plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid. (iv) The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes. (v) The ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. (vi) Conditional reabsorption of Na⁺ and water takes place in PCT. (vii) Large amounts of salt could be reabsorbed from collecting duct to produce a concentrated urine.

Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions:

Mechanism of concentration of the filtrate occurs in following steps: (A) NaCl is transported by the ascending limb of Henle's loop which is exchanged with the descending limb of vasa recta. (B) NaCl is returned to the interstitium by the ascending portion of vasa recta. (C) Small amounts of urea enter the thin segment of the ascending limb of Henle's loop which is transported back to the interstitium by the collecting tubule. (D) This mechanism helps to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium. From above phenomena, following conclusions are drawn:

A survey of animal kingdom presents a variety of excretory substances. Select correct option for given sentences: (i) Kidneys do not play any significant role in removal of ammonia. (ii) Terrestrial adaptation necessitated the production of lesser toxic nitrogenous wastes. (iii) Terrestrial animal generally excrete urea and uric acid for conservation of water. (iv) Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes are called ureotelic animals. (v) Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver. (vi) Reptiles, birds, land snails and insects are called ureotelic animals.

Urine formation involves three main processes namely, glomerular filtration, reabsorption and secretion, that takes place in different parts of the nephron. The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood, which is carried out by the glomerulus and is called glomerular filtration. Which statement is not correct for it? (i) On an average, 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute. (ii) The glomerular capillary blood pressure causes filtration of blood through 5 layers. (iii) The epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule called podocytes. (iv) Podocytes are arranged in an intricate manner so as to form filtration slits or slit pores. (v) Blood is filtered so that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the corpuscles pass on to the lumen of the Bowman's capsule. (vi) Glomerular filtration is considered as a process of ultra filtration.

The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in _______ related to the same nephron.

Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal (P) and distal (D) tubule of the Nephron.

Given below are two statements : Statement I : In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes. Statement II : The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron. (1) Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla. (2) Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons. (3) Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini. (4) Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.

Given below are statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla. Reason R: Juxta medullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List I with List II.

Which of the following statements are correct?

Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by:

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus?

Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?

Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in: i. Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body ii. Non-elimination of excess potassium ions iii. Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro intestinal tract iv. Reduced RBC production Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below.

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from

In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea?

Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in

Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?

Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

Select the option which shows correct matching of animal with excretory organs and excretory product: