NEET 2023 Botany Family MCQ Question

To answer the question regarding the characteristics of stamens in the family Fabaceae compared to Solanaceae and Liliaceae, we need to examine the specific features of stamens in these families.

Correct Answer: D) Diadelphous and Dithecous anthers

Explanation of the Correct Answer:

1. Diadelphous Stamens: In Fabaceae, the stamens are often arranged in two groups (or bundles), which is referred to as diadelphous. This means that out of the total number of stamens, typically 9 are fused together into a single tube, while one is free. This arrangement is distinctive to the Fabaceae family and aids in the pollination process by presenting the anthers in a more accessible manner.

2. Dithecous Anthers: Focusing on the anthers, Fabaceae generally possess dithecous anthers, meaning each anther has two thecae (or pollen sacs). This is a common trait in this family, facilitating effective pollen dispersion.

Why Other Options are Incorrect:

Option A: Polyadelphous and epipetalous stamens

• Polyadelphous refers to stamens that are grouped into more than two bundles, which is not typical for Fabaceae. This characteristic is more commonly associated with families like Malvaceae.
• Epipetalous stamens are those that are attached to the petals. While some members of Fabaceae might exhibit this feature, it is not a defining characteristic of the family compared to Solanaceae, where many species have epipetalous stamens.

Option B: Monoadelphous and Monothecous anthers

• Monoadelphous refers to all stamens being fused into a single group; this is not a characteristic of Fabaceae. It is more typical of the family Malvaceae.
• Monothecous anthers would mean that each anther has only one theca. This is not characteristic of Fabaceae, which typically has dithecous anthers.

Option C: Epiphyllous and Dithecous anthers

• Epiphyllous stamens are those that arise from the leaves (or leaf-like structures). This is not a characteristic of Fabaceae but can be seen in some other families.
• While dithecous anthers are indeed characteristic of Fabaceae, the presence of epiphyllous stamens disqualifies this option from being a correct representation of Fabaceae stamens.

Summary

Fabaceae is distinguished by its diadelphous arrangement of stamens and dithecous anthers, which facilitates its unique reproductive strategies. Understanding these anatomical features provides insight into the evolutionary adaptations of the family and their roles in pollination and fertilization.