AIIMS 2019 Physics Transistors MCQ Question

To ensure the transistor operates in the saturation region, the base-emitter voltage (V_BE) must be sufficient to forward-bias the base-emitter junction, typically around 0.7 V, while also providing enough base current (I_B) to saturate the transistor. Given the parameters, the required base voltage (V_BB) can be calculated using the formula $V_{BB} = V_{BE} + I_B \cdot R_{in}$. With $I_B = \frac{I_C}{\beta}$ and $I_C$ determined by $V_{CC}$ and $R_{out}$, the calculations yield $V_BB \approx 8.2 \, \text{V}$, making option C the correct choice. Other options are incorrect as they do not satisfy the saturation condition, either providing insufficient voltage or exceeding the necessary base current requirements.