AIIMS 2018 Botany Mutation Assertion Reason Question

The assertion is false because while mutations do occur, they are not necessarily rare; they can happen frequently and are a source of genetic diversity. Additionally, mutations can be unstable and may not always be inheritable, especially if they occur in somatic cells. The reason is also false because it inaccurately simplifies the mutation process; while one allele can be modified into another, mutations can involve various mechanisms, including deletions, insertions, and substitutions, which do not always result in a straightforward allele change. Thus, both the assertion and reason are incorrect, making option D the right choice. Options A and B incorrectly state that both statements are true, while option C wrongly claims that the assertion is true.